Andrographolide modulates eNOS-NO and Insulin-Glut4 signals of cultured lung epithelial and skeletal muscle cells

Jasadee Kaewsrichan, Paweena Wongwitwichot and Ashara Pengnoo

Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research
Published: August 19 2024
Volume 12, Issue 3
Pages 49-58

Abstract

Glucose metabolism and lung function have been affected by viral respiratory infections, leading to increased hospitalization and death of diabetic patients. In this study, cells from lung epithelium and skeletal muscle, A549 and C2C12 respectively, were cultured and treated with some used drugs (lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, and/or celecoxib) and andrographolide (ADP). The transcription of genes, including il-6, tnf-α, inos, cox-2, enos, glut4, and irs-1, was investigated using the Real-Time PCR method. Concerning gene translation levels, the activity of the phosphor-p65 transcription factor, the amount of GLUT4 protein expression, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) were quantified using a specific ELISA kit, western blotting method, and an enzymatic detection kit. enos-Transcription and NO-production were regulated in ADP-treated A549 cells. Modulations of il-6, tnf-α, and inos gene transcriptions, GLUT4 protein expression, and phosphor-p65 transcription factor activity were evident in C2C12 cells after ADP treatment. Using ADP as a drug adjuvant might be advantageous for diabetic patients infected with respiratory viruses due to its demonstration of anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic effects. These data might be applicable to formulating ADP tablets or nasal sprays for diabetes.

Keywords: Andrographolide, A549 cell line, C2C12 cell line, inflammatory genes, nitric oxide, NF-kB signaling pathway, GLUT4.

Full Text PDF


 

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0