An analysis of directive speech acts used by Okonkwo as the main character in Chinua Achebe’s novel ‘Things Fall Apart’

Abstract

Language is used by people to perform certain behaviors known as speech acts, which are distinct from physical or mental acts. A speech act is an utterance that serves a specific function in communication. People perform speech acts when they apologize, greet, request, complain, invite, compliment, refuse, and so on. This paper investigates the directive speech acts used by Okonkwo, the protagonist of Chinua Achebe's 1959 novel Things Fall Apart. It examines how these speech acts contribute to the development of the story and convey meaning while providing historical background on the literary context of directive speech acts in the novel. The study analyzes numerous passages, collecting data from Okonkwo's utterances and applying discourse analysis techniques. The paper explores how directive speech acts highlight Okonkwo's internal struggles, reflect the strengths and influences of Igbo culture and its values, and illuminate the complex interpersonal relationships between characters. Additionally, it examines how statements by different speakers depict the conflict between Igbo and British cultural norms and how this conflict is represented through directive speech acts. The study identifies four types of directive speech acts in the novel: orders, requests, suggestions, and prohibitions. Furthermore, the functions of directive speech acts found in the novel include requesting, commanding, and questioning. The goal of this research is to help readers, students, educators, and scholars recognize the significance of incorporating speech acts into conversations and actively practicing them. This study will also enhance learners’ and readers’ understanding of the novel. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates the variety of directive speech acts employed in Things Fall Apart and highlights their importance in conveying meaning and advancing the narrative.

Keywords: Analysis, directive speech, language, Achebe, novel.